1911

By 1911, the family fortunes had improved. The Census record finds the Blaney family at 45 Middleton Road, Kings Heath. The family included Harry, Jane and their children; William is aged fifteen, Elizabeth is fourteen, Edwin is ten, Albert six and Stanley five years old.

45 Middleton Rd.

They also have a boarder named Alfred Gibbs who is a fifty-four year old widowed frame maker. He is likely Jane’s brother-in-law. Her sister Matilda, whose death is registered in January-April 1911, was married to Albert Gibbs who in the 1901 census was shown as a frame maker. It was not unusual for working class families to have a boarder if there was enough room in the home and sometimes the boarder was a relative. It is often helpful to the family history researcher when this is the case.

While in 1901 they were living in a crowded three room back-to-back house on Ryland Road in Birmingham, ten years later Harry had a more skilled occupation and there were three family members working in the household. Likely this along with some income from a boarder enabled them to live in this six room row house. The family had grown between 1901 and 1911 with the birth of two additional sons, Albert in 1904 & Stanley in 1906.

At the turn of the century Kings Heath was a growing and prosperous area just outside the city of Birmingham. Most of the residents of Kings Heath were working class with poor local wages except those working in the workshops and factories in Birmingham. There were eight passenger trains travelling to Birmingham daily before 9:00am. After being introduced in 1901, electric trams soon became plentiful providing frequent and economical transportation around Kings Heath and to Birmingham.

Elizabeth's father, Harry was age thirty five and working as a leather worker for a bicycle saddle maker, likely located in Birmingham. Harry's father had been a skilled equestrian saddler. Later in life Harry would become a foreman in the cutting room of the Lycett Saddle Company making bicycle saddles.

Jane Blaney was thirty-three on census day, the mother of five children, the youngest being five years old.

Son William was working as a brass turner for a clock maker. A turner is someone who machines (cuts out) brass parts to be used in this case in the manufacture of clocks. 

At fourteen, Elizabeth was working as a pinafore machinist and it is unknown how long she had been running a sewing machine. Some girls were employed as early as twelve years of age. A pinafore was a sleeveless garment worn by girls as an apron over a dress. It could easily be removed for washing, keeping the dress clean longer.  Girls who worked in the dressmaking trades laboured many hours a day for little pay but the choice of occupation for the working class girl was limited to domestic service, shop work, or dressmaking.

Elementary School leaving age at the time was twelve years old which was changed in 1918 to age fourteen.  The 1911 National Census showed that only 8% of fourteen and fifteen year olds were still in school. Many young sons and daughters like William and Elizabeth were working to contribute to the family income.

Both of Elizabeth’s grandmothers were living in 1911. Her maternal grandmother Martha (Bellingham) Elcocks, was a widowed pensioner, aged seventy-four, living about five miles away from Harry & Jane's family, on Grant Street in Birmingham.

Her husband William Elcocks had died April 1910 at the age of seventy-eight. The census record shows she was married for fifty-seven years and bore twelve children, eight of whom were still living in 1911. She also had a lodger, Miss Ester Cope, age fifty-eight, who was single and working as a Pinafore Presser.

Elizabeth’s paternal grandmother Ellen Elizabeth (Langley) Blaney was living, but I have been unable to find her in the 1911 census. She was a widow, her husband Edward/Edwin having died in 1885 of Phthisis Exhaustion (T.B.) at the age of fifty-one. In 1901 Ellen Elizabeth was living with her daughter and son-in law, Joseph and Elizabeth Priestmall, in Birmingham and she died in Birmingham in the spring of 1915. 

On August 15^th 1911 at the age of 15½, William joined the Royal Navy. His naval record shows he entered at a Boy II rating which means he was between 15 and 17 years of age and on a training ship. This was conditional on his adequate physical height, weight, medical fitness and evidence of being of good character. Harry & Jane would have signed a declaration that William would serve in the navy for a minimum period (usually 12 years). 

On March 28, 1912 William was promoted to Boy 1st class and granted a pay raise. This was the rating given a boy aged 16 to 18 under training, who had previously served for at least 9 months rated as Boy II, had shown proficiency in seamanship and accumulated at least one good conduct badge. William’s military record held at the UK National Archives only outlines his service until 1928 at which time he held the rank of Petty Officer. He would later also serve in WWII. He was in the Royal Navy in 1943, when he visited his sister Elizabeth in Toronto Canada, during the war.

While the class system was very rigid in The Edwardian era (1901-1910), economic and social changes created an environment in which there was more social mobility. There was more attention to the plight of the poor and the status of women. There were increased economic opportunities as result of rapid industrialization and more access to transportation. Of course, more change lay ahead with the coming of WWI which began in 1914.                                                                    

ELIZABETH'S MOTHER AND FATHER

Harry Blaney

Martha Jane Elcocks

 Elizabeth (Bess) Blaney’s parents, Harry Blaney and Martha Jane Elcocks were married July 9, 1895 in Birmingham, England; he was nineteen and she was eighteen. With the exception of a year in Canada (1929-1930), they lived out their lives in Birmingham. Harry lived to the age of seventy-nine and Jane until age eighty-four. Life was difficult due to little income, the quick start of their family and it remained so throughout.  Also, public records indicate that Jane was pregnant at the time of the wedding which would have been scandalous in these Victorian times.

Harry was a hardworking father, at times a house painter, a granite layer and a leatherworker. He was a strong, healthy and very active man, always providing for his family.

  

While she was very close to her father, Bess’s relationship with her mother was not so good. Her stories of her father were always affectionate and plentiful. Bess was a “daddy’s girl”, being the only girl in the family for nineteen years.

I know much more about Harry than I do about Jane, thanks to an interview of family members by one of my cousins. In reading Bess’s journals and remembering her stories of him, he seems to have been a strict but fun loving parent with some unorthodox child rearing methods.

She told of him insisting that she and her brother settle a difference between them by getting into their homemade boxing ring and duke it out. Harry had trained all his children to box including his daughter due to the rough neighbourhood in which they lived. Bess was astounded when she knocked out her brother, Ted. That feistiness would come to the fore eighty years later when Bess confronted an intruder in her home.

She described her Dad as her hero and on his passing March 13, 1955 she wrote:

Both her parents liked their drink and there were some extended family brouhahas as her uncles joined in with much shouting and a few punches thrown as a result. 

At the age of ninety-one she recalled that one of her mother’s sisters was good to her “when things were battling at home”.

Bess’s mother, Martha Jane Elcocks was born in 1877, the youngest in a family of ten children. She had eight sisters and one brother. Jane’s father was William Elcocks and her mother was Martha Bellingham.

Among Bess’s papers was an almost complete newspaper clipping from the Daily Montreal Star dated May 27, 1924. It led me to discover, through research of the micro-film copy of that newspaper, that at the age of twenty-seven, with two young children of her own and only having lived nine months in Canada, she wrote a letter to the editor on the subject of mothers and daughters.

It said in part:

“Being a reader of your mail for some time and always interested in letters to you, I will try to express myself in reference to articles written on mothers. That dear name! How many, I wonder, know what that name means. Some refer in your mail to good and bad mothers. Let me say: Keep the flag flying to the first and lower it to the second, and let those who have the first mentioned mother hold tightly, cherish, honor, love, obey and in heaven’s name, be worthy of her no matter whether they are girl or boy, woman or man.

How many realize the full value of what they have? But I wonder if some of those people who have “The One Mother” with whom I wish we were all blessed with, understand the untold suffering, misery and hardship that the children of the other mother have.

Do they realize that many, many pleasures, however small, would be forfeited if they were the other unhappy creatures who wonder sometimes why they were born at all? Do they know how many a heart aches to have the “One Mother”? ……..The ones who have “The Mother” sometimes do not appreciate her, and the mother who doesn’t care a rap may have the best of children and not appreciate them. I wonder why?

How can anyone having had a good mother understand the inward suffering, heartache, the cloud that shuts out all sunshine, the coldness, the loneliness that fills the life of some of their less favored sisters and brothers?”

The letter goes on, I believe, to speak further to her relationship with her mother especially around the time of Bess’s own marriage.

Bess and her husband Harry made their only recorded return visit to Birmingham in September of 1954. In a letter written in 1988 she mentions that she was glad she managed to see her father during that visit, which was about six months before he died.

According to the England & Wales Death Index, her mother Jane’s death was registered between October and December 1961. There is some uncertainty as I found only one reference to her death in Bess’s papers, where the date is listed as April 24, 1958.  A copy of the death record will be needed to confirm the correct date.

ELIZABETH JEANETTE BLANEY – THE EARLY YEARS

While Elizabeth (Bess) was not the first member of the Blaney family to leave Birmingham for Canada, she is the central figure of my family history.

Her parents were Harry Blaney (1876-1955) and Martha Jane Elcocks (1877-1961). They were married July 9, 1895 in Birmingham, England. According to their Entry of Marriage document, Harry was a house painter at the time. His father is shown as Edwin Blaney, a saddler (deceased) and Jane’s father was William Elcocks, a brewer. 

Elizabeth was born on Upper Ryland Road, February 23, 1897. This was a poor and tough working class area of Birmingham. Her grandmother and an aunt lived at the top of the hill.

Birmingham was the 2^nd largest city in Britain. It was a dirty and crowded industrial city. Ryland Road was an area of “back to back” housing; high density clusters of very small attached houses, built back to back and surrounding a communal courtyard. It was crowded and dark. Since three of the four walls were shared with other houses the lack of windows resulted in poor ventilation as well as low light. It was a harsh environment for poor working class families; disease and malnutrition were common

In the 1901 census, Elizabeth, her parents and her two brothers are shown still living on Ryland Road with Harry working as a general labourer in a lumber yard. The house contained only three rooms and the toilet facilities were likely outside and shared with the neighbours. 

Elizabeth was the second child of Harry and Jane, her older brother William was a little more than a year older than her having been born on January 9, 1896.

    

In the next nine years Elizabeth was followed by three more brothers, Edwin (Ted) born August 19, 1900, Albert born September 4, 1904 and Stanley born January 16, 1906. Her mother had many unsuccessful pregnancies as well, once telling her great-granddaughter-in-law there were twenty-two confinements in all. Infant mortality was high in Birmingham in those times. There is no official record of stillborn births until 1927 which limits research in this area. Perhaps more information could be found in the parish records.

Young Elizabeth had a few adventures. While attending Bristol Street School, she used a slate board and slate pencil. She “carried 4-5 stitches between my nose bridge and left eye where my slate broke up as I fell up the wide steps to the school door”. She also remembered how they used to salute the Union Jack before entering the school “it kept us proud”. In re-visiting the site in 1954 she “closed my eyes and expected to see Miss Coomes looking down at me from the balcony”.

Elizabeth also told of climbing the bridge on Pritchatt’s Lane, slipping and falling into the canal below, where a barge man pulled her out with a long hook. She ended up 2 days later in the Fever Hospital. (This was likely the Birmingham City Infectious Hospital, which handled scarlet fever cases) She told of "going up The Cut (canal) in a coal boat". 

A happier memory involved the annual Lord Chamberlain’s children's summer party at Highcroft where he received them in his wheelchair with an orchid in his coat. "All the children had a bag of candy and an orchid from his greenhouses to take home to their mothers, after a tea party and a tour around his beautiful rose gardens."

Very early in her life, as the only daughter, Elizabeth had a lot of responsibilities including many of the household chores and helping to raise her younger brothers. Likely her mother was indisposed much of the time and there was very little money, although Harry always worked hard at a wide variety of jobs to look after his family.

Church was always present in Elizabeth’s life, beginning in Sunday school at All Saints Church nearby. Throughout her life she sang and participated in the local church wherever she resided.

                                                                                                             

Just a year before Elizabeth left home to be married, Harry and Jane had another daughter, Martha Louise who was born in Birmingham on February 28, 1915. The birth of a son Alfred, born in Birmingham on January 1, 1920 completed the family.

www.nationaltrust.org.uk/birmingham-back-to-backs

WALTER LANGLEY RI (June 8, 1852 - March 21, 1922)

My favourite stories told by my grandmother Elizabeth Blaney Welch were those of a talented and famous ancestor.

Photo of poster in Penlee House Gallery

He was Walter Langley, her great uncle on her father’s side. Walter was the brother of Elizabeth’s grandmother, Ellen Elizabeth Langley (1838-1915) who had married Edwin Blaney (1834-1885) in 1855.

Walter Langley was a watercolour painter who is most well known as a founding member of the Newlyn School. He created large scale watercolours of people and scenes from everyday life in a fishing village and the seafaring tragedies along the coast near Penzance in England. Walter had great empathy for the struggles of the poor and of disadvantaged workers.

Gran was very familiar with his work and had some artifacts that she passed along to me when she knew I was interested. I am pleased to have a catalogue from an exhibit of his work held at the Royal Albert Memorial Museum and at the Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery in June 1984.

She also gave me some correspondence between his second wife, Ethel and the Birmingham Lord Mayor’s secretary E. Sanford. It concerned a Memorial Exhibition in 1923 and A Brief History of Walter Langley R.I. (Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolour) written on June 25, 1931 by Edward Harper, RBSA, Hon. Sec. of the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists. Edward Harper was a fellow student and friend of Walter Langley.

Lickey Hills

 In his early years Walter painted rural scenes close to his home in Birmingham, not until 1882 did he choose to make the life of fishermen and their families, his subject matter.

At least one piece of his art is resident in Canada. Elizabeth owned a miniature watercolour scene, about 2½ by 4 inches in size, of Lickey Hills, painted by Walter Langley in 1875. It was originally owned by one of his elder sisters and has been passed down through the family. There are some handwritten notes attached to the painting and I am currently researching to confirm the details of its provenance.

As a result of my Grandmother’s influence, Walter Langley became my first family history research subject. It was an easy place to start as much information has been written about him and his work still hangs in the Birmingham Art Gallery in England. The artifacts she gave me inspired my first trip to England and led me to get in touch with a couple of cousins near Birmingham.

I have been fortunate to visit the gallery twice and see some of his original art works. I found them to be very beautiful and moving.

I was also able to travel to the south west coast of Britain and visit Penlee House in Penzance where I saw a photograph of Walter on display as well as some prints of his art. I stood on the seawall in the nearby village of Newlyn that appears in several of his paintings. It was very thrilling to be standing there knowing that he had painted that very scene a hundred years earlier.

I have just received a book about his life that I am looking forward to reading; Walter Langley: From Birmingham to Newlyn, written by his grandson, Roger Langley, published June 2011. It is a revised and rewritten edition of a study first published in 1997 with many new illustrations.

Walter was very prolific and I have some prints and posters of his work hanging on my living room wall that I enjoy immensely. Some came from my grandmother and some I was able to purchase in Birmingham and Penzance when I visited there.

It seems that this is where the artistic talent in our family’s current and past generations originated.

http://www.penleehouse.org.uk

THE STORYTELLER

Elizabeth Blaney was very knowledgeable of her own family history but she didn’t think of herself as a genealogist. We saw her as the family storyteller, a talent she seems to have inherited from her father, Harry. When his children were very young he often entertained them with his stories, some of which turned out not to be true but were nonetheless interesting.She meticulously recorded the births, addresses and deaths of family members and friends which turned out to be very helpful in my research.

As I listened to her stories, told in what seemed to me to be a distinctive upper class British accent, I wondered how coming from a working class English family, she spoke as she did.  I later discovered that when she was about fifteen she became a nursemaid for the prominent Lewis family who were connected with the Birmingham Small Arms Company (she referred to them as the gun family). Mrs. Lewis required her to “speak properly” in order to be a good example for the child in her care and so she did. 


Gran told us that her grandfather, Edwin Blaney, while working for Birmingham saddlers, Lamplugh & Brown, had made a saddle for Queen Victoria.  Imagine Elizabeth’s surprise when Mrs. Lewis (nee Brown) who was the daughter of a saddler, showed her a photograph of Edwin taken with that very saddle. She also told of another employer who had two paintings by her Great Uncle Walter Langley, hanging in their dining room. She met her future husband, Harry Welch, while he was working as a chauffeur for a family where Elizabeth worked as a baby nurse.

My Fair Lady 2nd prize at age 79

While she had a difficult and physically hard-working life, she continued to develop an appreciation for music, art, poetry, antiques and "fine things" which she passed on to her daughters, granddaughters and great-granddaughter. She was a lifelong singer, She loved to laugh and dress up in costumes; she loved to make jewellery, read and collect poetry, occasionally writing some herself.

It is interesting and emotional to pursue the history of my grandmother's life because it gives me a much deeper understanding of how her life experiences shaped the person I came to know as I grew up and how I knew her in her later years. 


I struggle to read her journals written during her later years and her personal papers because they contain much sadness and some bitterness but they do include some explanations for those feelings. There were also many inspirational poems she collected and recorded over the years that seem to represent her hopes and ideals.She always aimed high.